IMPLEMENTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK
“IF”  IN CAMBODIA

Presented by the Ministry of Commerce, Royal Government of Cambodia to the 6^th Consultative Group (CG) Meeting,
Government Palace, Phnom Penh, 19-21 June 2002

REFERENCES

ADB (Asian Development Bank) (2001), Financial Sector Blueprint For 2001-2010, Royal Government of Cambodia, Phnom Penh.

CDRI (Cambodia Development Resource Institute) (2000). Cambodia: Enhancing Governance for Sustainable Development. Final Report. Phnom Penh.

German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, UNCTAD, Development Policy Forum of the German Foundation for International Development (DSE) (2001), Infrastructure Development in LDCs, International Policy Dialogue.

FIAS (Foreign Investment Advisory Service) (2000), Report on the Review of the Law on Investment, Phnom Penh.

Friedman, L. Thomas (1999), The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.

McCulloch, N., L. A. Winters and X. Ciero (2001), Trade Liberalization and Poverty: A Handbook, DFID, London.

Ministry of Commerce, CLRDC (Cambodian Legal Resources Development Center), and FLE (Faculty of Laws and Economics) (2001), Globalization Conference: Business and Law Perspectives Conference Proceedings, Phnom Penh

____________ (2001a), Opportunities, Challenges and Commitments for Cambodia's Accession to the WTO: Explanatory Notes Prepared for the Plenary Session of the National Assembly, 19 July 2001, Phnom Penh.

NESDB (National Economic and Social Development Board) and Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (2001), The Joint Development Study for Economic Cooperation Plan between Thailand and Cambodia (TCJDS)

OECD (2001), The DAC Guidelines – Strengthening Trade Capacity for Development, (Paris).

Oxfam (2002), Rigged Rules and Double Standards: Make Trade Fair, (London).

Royal Government of Cambodia (1999). Proceedings of the First Quarterly Meeting between the Royal Government of Cambodia and Donor Community, Office of the Council of Ministers, Phnom Penh.

________ (1999).  Proceedings of the Second Quarterly Meeting between the Royal Government of Cambodia and Donor Community, Office of the Council of Ministers, Phnom Penh.

________ (2000). Report on Activities of the Royal Government of Cambodia in 2000. Office of the Council of Ministers, Phnom Penh.

________ (2001).  Proceedings of the Fourth Quarterly Meeting between the Royal Government of Cambodia and Donor Community, Office of the Council of Ministers, Phnom Penh.

________ (2001a).  Governance Action Plan (GAP), Office of the Council of Ministers, Phnom Penh.

________ (2002), Cambodia: Integration and Competitiveness Study; A Pilot Study prepared under the Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least-Developed Countries (“IF”), Phnom Penh.

Sen, Amartya (2000), Development As Freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (2001), Duty and Quota Free Market Access for LDCs: An Analysis of Quad Initiatives, (London and Geneva).

World Bank, PPIAF (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility) (2002), Draft Cambodia Country Framework Report on Private Participation in Infrastructure, Washington, DC.

________ (2001), Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries: Making Trade Work for the World’s Poor, (Washington DC)

World Trade Organization (1999), "Technical Note on the Accession Process, WT/ACC/ 7/Rev. 1, 19 November 1999.

________ (2001), Seminar Proceeding on "The Policy-Relevance of Mainstreaming Trade Into Country Development Strategies - The Perspective of LDCs", Geneva.

ENDNOTES  

¹WTO document, paragraph 2, WT/LDC/HL/1 Rev.1 October 1997.

The present criteria for selecting a country are broadly as follows: (i) demonstration of a strong commitment in-country to integrate trade into the national development strategy, (ii) the preparatory stage of the development programme (iii) the preparatory stage of lead agencies donor meetings, and  (iv) conducive operational country environment (i.e. pace of domestic reform, resource base of the lead agencies country offices, likely donor response) (for details see WTO document; WT/IFSC/W/9).

²The paper was prepared and presented by Susan Prowse, Senior Economic Adviser from the Department for International Development (DFID), UK, currently on secondment from the International Monetary Fund.

³The article was also written by Susan Prowse.

³Mainstreaming Trade for Poverty Alleviation: Formulation of a pro-poor Trade Sector Strategy  for Cambodia , presented by the Royal Government of Cambodia at the Cambodia’s Fifth Consultative Group meeting, Tokyo, June 11-13, 2001.

³"Coherence" is one of the WTO's five core functions. see Marrakech Agreement Establishing the WTO, Article III:5; and Marrakech Declaration on the Contribution of the WTO to Achieving Greater Coherence in Global Economic Policy-Making.

⁴Chiedu Osakwe, and Sarath Rajapatirana, The Policy-Relevance of Mainstreaming Trade Into Country Development Strategies - The Perspective of LDCs, Background Paper.

⁵Byong Jo Chun, Xuechun Zhang, Ashok Sharma, Arun Hsu. Cambodia: Financial Sector Blueprint for 2001-2010, Asian Development Bank 2001.

⁶Law on Investment of the Kingdom of Cambodia as promulgated by Kram 03 NS 94 of August 05, 1994

⁷FIAS, Report on the Review of the Law on Investment, Phnom Penh, 2000.

⁸Opening Address made by Siegmar Mosdorf, Parliamentary State Secretary of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) at the International Policy Dialogue "Attracting Private Sector Participation to Infrastructure Development in LDCs", Third UN Conference on Least Developed Countries, May 2001.

⁹The existing overall strategies of the RGC have been articulated in the following strategic statements: The National Program to Rehabilitate and Develop Cambodia (NPRD-1994); the Five-Year Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP I); the Triangle Strategy; the Royal Government Platform for the Second Term 1998-2003; and the Policy Framework Paper (PFP).  

¹⁰Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board and Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute, The Joint Development Study for Economic Cooperation Plan between Thailand and Cambodia (TCJDS), November 2001.

¹¹Afghanistan (Economic Cooperation Organization-ECO), Bangladesh (SAPTA, BIMST-EC51 , Bangkok Agreement), Bhutan, Nepal and Maldives (SAPTA), Cambodia (AFTA), Lao PDR (AFTA, Bangkok Agreement), Myanmar (AFTA, BIMST-EQ, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (MSG , PARTA , SPARTECA"), Kiribati, Samoa and Tuvalu (PARTA, SPARTECA).

¹²The combined GDP of the ASEAN-10 was about US$ 700 billion in 1996. The region experienced high economic growth of 5% to 7% in the 25 years before the financial crises in 1997.

¹³Pich Rithi, "Impact of Economic and Trade Liberalization on Cambodia", Conference Proceedings: Globalization Conference: Business and Law, Preparation for WTO Accession: Experiences and Lessons Learned, June 27-28, 2001, Phnom Penh.

¹⁴The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) consists of Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam, and Yunnan Province of the People's Republic of China.

¹⁵Trade “complementarity” between two countries is the extent to which one country’s export structure matches another country’s import structure more closely than it matches the pattern of world imports. It is an indication of trade potential between two countries.

¹⁶The eight priority areas of reform identified in the GAP are the Legal and Judicial Reform, Administrative Reform and Deconcentration, Decentralization and Local Governance, Public Finance Reform, Anti-corruption, Gender Equity, Demobilization and Reform of the Armed Forces, and the reform of Natural Resources Management.

¹⁷For a comprehensive reading on this subject, see Siphana Sok “Formulating the Legal And Judicial Reform Strategy For Cambodia”, MoC and CLRDC, 2002.

¹⁸This section is extensively drawn from a detailed analysis of Dr. Craig VanGrasstek, "Laws and Policies of the United States of America Concerning the Accession of Cambodia to the World Trade Organization," UNCTAD February 8, 2000.

¹⁹See the “Protocol for the Accession of Cambodia,” in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Basic Instruments and Selected Documents Eleventh Supplement (Geneva, Switzerland: GATT, 1963), pages 12-16. Note that this document does not include the annexes to the protocol (which would consist primarily of the tariff concessions that Cambodia made in the negotiations over its accession).

²⁰Tekreth S. Conference Proceedings: Globalization Conference: Business and Law, Preparation for WTO Accession: Experiences and Lessons Learned, June 27-28, 2001, Phnom Penh. 

²¹As a sign which reflects the importance Cambodia attached to the accession process Cambodia dispatched a large delegation comprising of 32 and 22 senior officials to the first and second WP respectively.

²²The idea was followed up by the ECE for economies in transition which had been able to accelerate their internal reforms. The approach would "involve radically streamlined review and evaluation procedures, more frequent meetings of the Working Parties, and flexible, individual schedules for individual countries" (Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) document, Committee for Trade, Industry and Enterprise Development, Fourth Session, 21-23 June 2000).

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